Elipsis, énfasis y suposición
En la construcción gramatical llamada elipsis, algunas partes de algunas oraciones se eliminan sin convertir a éstas en frases y manteniendo cierta relación. Una familiar es la oración declarativa "Llueve" que suprime los elementos circunstanciales de lugar y tiempo. Casos así configuran el concepto de elipsis porque resultan poseer una propiedad interesante. En términos gramaticales "!Fuego¡" y "Se ha iniciado un fuego aquí y ahora" no son la misma oración pero si consideramos a una elipsis de la otra podemos afirmar que ambas tienen "las mismas condiciones veritativas", i. e., debemos estar en las mismas circunstancias al afirmarlas para que ambas sean verdaderas. Este parece un criterio muy fuerte de sinonimia que las elipsis suelen cumplir. No obstante creo que es fácil pensar ejemplos donde si el elemento eliminado tenía énfasis, la elipsis no es sinónima de la oración completa. "Creo que Juan fue allá" es elipsis de "Yo creo que Juan fue allá" puesto que esa conjugación corresponde con ese pronombre. Sin embargo la oración "Yo creo que..." supone an uttering circumstance donde los demás no tienen el mismo conocimiento. O en otras palabras el énfasis en "Yo" supone que "Creo que Juan fue allá" es una elipsis de "Creo [como los demás] que Juan fue allá"... Tómalo como un argumento de que el énfasis es importante para determinar el sentido de una oración.
Comentarios
Por otro lado, el asunto de la silepsis que mencionas es apensa la descripción de algo que sucede en la práctica lingüística cotidiana, pero no creo que suponga una regla gramatical y ciertamente no se ha pensado en una "regla lógica" que trate con eso, pero el mero hecho de que podamos darnos cuenta de la diferencia entre "Yo creo ..." y "Creo..." supone que podamos explicarlas (la primera no supone el consenso; la segunda sí) y que no sea difícil regularlas. Sin embargo, no estoy seguro de que el asunto que mencionas sea "universal", esto es, ¿qué pasa con esos casos en lenguajes que siempre utilizan los pronombres personales (alemán, inglés, francés, etc.?
Por otro lado, supongo que, dentro de tus variados intereses (particularmente lógicos, con alguna que otra falacia por aquí y por allá) puedas decirme algo de lo que algunos estudios llaman "akrasia" o lo que se entiende por la debilidad de la voluntad. Leí en algún lugar que un filósofos decía que las preguntas verdaderamente importantes eran cómo vivir y por qué. Luego un colega me había dicho que el problema de la vidá podría resolverse si existiese una prueba matemática de ello, es decir, si tuvieramos una demostración acerca de cómo vivir y por qué hacerlo así no habría motivos por los cuales escoger otro modo de vida. Esto no me parece convincente, pues hay casos en los que sabemos qué hacer y con una cantidad apabullante de razones para hacerlo (no una demostración matemática, claro, pero la matemática suele ser menos persuasiva que la práctica) y aún así no lo hacemos. Los latinos lo expresaban diciendo que veían lo mejor pero hacían lo malo.
Tienes un blogg muy padre, ojalá que no compren los derechos de esas inmortales palabras de Zidane.
Yo creo que hay casos similares en el inglés (se muy poco de francés y alemán), donde el énfasis en alguna partícula puede ponernos a pensar sobre la propiedad de "ser elípsis de" que pueda tener una oración, no necesariamente en casos donde aparezcan pronombres personales, aunque quizás un ejemplo tramposo sea la frase poética: I dreamt a dream and now that dream is gone [for me]. De la misma manera que en "creo" y "yo creo" el énfasis en el complemento "for me" (jejeje que contiene un pronombre personal)puede ponernos a dudar de qué frase es elipsis. Pero tienes toda la razón, no creo que sea un problema esto, más bien creo que nos ayuda a entender el papel del énfasis (y eventualmente de cómo invoca a la suposición).
El asunto de la acracia es muy complicado, aunque en realidad no sé qué deses que te comente. Ahí va lo que se me ocurrió: Me parece que no hay problemas "vitales" (v. g. cómo vivir) porque un problema tal parecería solucionarse con una respuesta única que además respondería a todos los problemas prácticos singulares. También creo que es un tanto inocente considerar que nuestra motivación para hacer las cosas son "razones". Probablemente en la visión que tenían los latinos de tal asunto, lo mejor sería hacer p, pero lo más disfrutable o lo más conveniente, lo más deportivo o lo más romántico o lo más ... sería hacer q. En última instancia te digo esto porque creo que si tenemos la teoria de que hacer esto nos conviene (efectivamente por tales y cuales razones) lo haremos, de ahí infiero que por "razones" entiendes algo más clásico.
Casi nunca te exigen regalías por derechos de autor en los blogs, saludos y gracias por el comentario, espero leer más de ti.
Un profesor nos puso de ejemplo la siguiente implicación: si j está en Roma está en italia, y si j está en Paris está en francia, entonces si j está en paris está en Italia. Con un par de modus ponens se puede probar ssi crees que la forma del argumento es (Rj . Rj->Ij . Pj. Pj->Fj)-> Rj->Fj. Entonces nos queda una opción: darle otra forma. Ojalá me haya explicado. Ah claro, espero ver tu blog pronto. Saludos
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